Nuova Elettronica Handbook For Employers
Description Being a digital citizen has transformed from a process of familiarizing ones’ self with terminology and techniques to a full-time responsibility in the hands of any who want to stay abreast of the latest technological change in their respective field. Current Trends and Future Practices for Digital Literacy and Competence offers a look at the latest research within digital literacy and competence, setting the bar for the digital citizen of today and tomorrow.
- M-274 Handbook For Employers
- Part 8 Of The Handbook For Employers (m-274)
- Uscis Handbook For Employers Form M-274
Presented in the form of case studies, frameworks, methodologies, architectures, and research, this compendium offers a vital resource for practitioners and academics in any field looking to stay up-to-date on their digital literacy. Chapters range from technically fundamental to the layman to complex, from experts around the world in a variety of jobs and countries.
Topics Covered The many academic areas covered in this publication include, but are not limited to:. Computer Literacy. Constructivism. Digital Divide.
Electracy. GAID. Grammatology. Information Literacy. Multimedia literacy.
New Literacies. Transliteracy. It is almost obvious today to say that digital technologies and the Internet have changed our life, less evident is the path through which this occurred. During last decades (since late ‘70s and early ‘80s), soon after the development of PCs and the birth of distributed computing, computers evolved and became user friendly due to the introduction of special input devices (e.g., mouse and joystick) and graphics user interfaces (GUIs); but it has been the introduction and the spreading of digitization and of the Internet, to produce the most relevant changes in data acquisition and communication. Both the above phenomena forced people to use computers more and more frequently, because most part of the information they sent and received from other people had to be managed by digital equipment (Heffernan, 2011).
M-274 Handbook For Employers
The described digital revolution followed another revolution, which occurred in human and social communication for the development of mass media. The phenomena associated with the growth of communication equipment and mass media were essentially analogical, due to the physical phenomena they were based on, and they induced deep changes in mankind.
McLuhan (1968), for example, stated that media determine the structural features of communication and produce pervasive effects on people imagination, independently from the information contents they transport (by using the words of McLuhan “the medium is the message”). The effects of the intertwining of the different media described above cannot be considered as the sum of former effects described until now, and evidences for new implications on human mankind have been recently reported by many scientists. Rivoltella (2006), for example, has proposed the definition of “multi-screen society” for today society, which is highly populated by new technologies, where the spaces of vision are multiplied, and traditional television is accompanied by computer screens, portable consoles (e.g., Nintendo and Mobile PS), public equipments (like those in stations and airports), palmtops, mobile phones, smart-phones etc. Main result of the visual multiplication, depending on the multiple screens is the re-definition of the individuals’ seeing, which features are now. do different people react the same way to stimuli coming from digital equipment and digital environments?.
do new technologies impact the same on young people and elder people?. do digital technologies influence the ways people learn and the connections between traditional education and virtual environments?. do the above considerations apply to single subjects only, or analogous changes can be found in different contexts like communities, organizations and corporate?.
are there instruments and/or processes to be adopted which can help people, communities and organizations to overcome the difficulties they can meet in the knowledge society? Prensky (2001) has been one among the visionary interpreters of the new millennium society, because he remarked the difference between young and elder generations, and gave a possible explanation for the second question before it was asked for. He called “digital natives” the people born in a world populated of digital technologies, able in using them since their earliest instant of life, and called on the contrary “digital immigrants” those who had to learn the language and the use of new technologies, had to face the multiplicity of the contexts of interaction with digital equipments but never metabolized them. Recently a great attention has been devoted to the impact that new technologies have on mankind, when passing from the discussion on how people use digital resources and processes, to the analysis of what they must know and be able to do with technologies. Otherwise stated, there has been a shift in the focus attention, from a discipline centered paradigm to a human centered paradigm: competences as active involvement of subjects with their representations of reality, their knowledge and skills are considered today much more important than the knowledge of instruments and processes (Le Boterf, 1990). The gap existing between “digital natives” and “digital immigrants” (both in learning styles and knowledge development) (Prensky 2001); otherwise stated, young people can use digital equipments to better perform in getting information and communicating with respect to elders, and, what is more, new generations have different perception of reality and, usually, are more ready to act than to think about phenomena,. The permanence, or the lowering, of the already low basic skills and competences in reading, writing and computing for students at different school levels (OECD 2009).
This result seems to contradict what is reported in the item above, because it is usually recognized that the use of digital equipment implies the development of good information management skills (meta-cognitive skills),. The basic skills and competences for lifelong learning, which are considered essential to let people be the citizens of the knowledge society.
On this regard the Commission of the European Community approved a recommendation for all member countries, reporting the set of these competences. Digital competences, the fourth among them, are considered especially important because of their cross cultural features with respect to language (reading / writing) and calculus competences (Council of European Parliament 2005). New disciplines like Knowledge Management have been developed to let corporate and organizations build their own instruments and strategies for getting, retrieving, maintaining and sharing information and knowledge, and studies have been carried out to analyze the influence of the presence of management information systems (MISs) on communities. In some cases good results have been evidenced and the hope for future developments in the implementation of community practices into MISs has spread out, but no final answer on the instruments and the strategies to be adopted for the generalized use and application of digital equipments in these contexts has been found. The first section is devoted to the analysis of the problem of digital divide, and the need of new literacies. The second section discusses the connection between digital literacy and digital competence, and shows how relevant can be complex environments and social networks in education, when centered on the development of digital competences. The third section focuses on the application of the considerations developed before in some experiences of lifelong learning.
The fourth section displaces the attention on the organizations and the fifth and last section on the whole society and some cultural aspects depending on IT/ICT. In the third chapter, M. Fantin (Perspectives on Media Literacy, Digital Literacy and Information Literacy) says that the cultural landscape poses different challenges for teachers. Together with the development of reading and writing skills, it is necessary to emerge in the digital culture and master the different codes of the different languages. As a consequence, media cannot be excluded from literacy programs, it is essential to reflect on the definition of “being literate” today.
The meanings of concepts like literacy, media literacy, digital literacy and information literacy need deeper analysis and re-signification. The second section is made of five chapters.
Part 8 Of The Handbook For Employers (m-274)
The first chapter, by A. Dagiene, and G. Futschek (Bebras Contest and Digital Competence Assessment: Analysis of Frameworks) focuses on the importance of IT/ICT supported informal education environments for students’ learning, and especially for students’ development of skills and competences.
It starts from the description of the international competition “Bebras” and its features, and soon after discusses the structure of a framework for digital competence assessment, so that a double correspondence between them can be hypothesized. The third chapter, by C. Giovannella (Beyond the Media Literacy. Complex Scenarios and New Literacies for the Future Education: the Centrality of Design), states that the advent of new media and web technologies has made “contents” and “containers” more liquid, and deeply reflects on the multi facets concept of literacy. He then proposes an experiential definition of literacy in education.
According to such reflection, in the present scenarios, the “Design” becomes central to education, and underlines the need of educational activities which should include among their objectives the dissemination of what can be called “design literacy”. Undoubtedly, Wikipedia brings with itself the risk of incurring in mistakes, inaccuracies and plagiarism, but it is reliable and can be used in the curriculum as new approach for social and collaborative construction of knowledge. It can fully enter in educational contexts as an opportunity to reflect on the verification of information, on the ethical use of technology and on the role of democratic participation in social networking. Otherwise stated the creation and the maintenance of articles of Wikipedia as classroom activities, gives the opportunity for the activation of higher processes in cognitive development and on-line relationship, allowing the development of essential digital competences for life-long learning. The fifth and last chapter by A. Pozzali and P. Ferri (The Medial Diet Of University Students in Italy: An Exploratory Research), analyzes digital skills and competences of university students in Northern Italy.
The starting point of the authors’ analysis is the increase in the inter-generational digital divide accounting between 'digital natives' and 'digital immigrants', they evidence that, even if university students are familiar with digital technologies, the general possession of high level skills in accessing and using the Internet should not be taken for granted. The first chapter by L.
Adinolfi (Integrating educational and ICT innovations: a case study of master course), the effectiveness of new computer-supported collaborative problem solving educational approach in higher education at a master’s course level is discussed. After outlining the technological and pedagogical characteristics of a new digital cooperative environment, as well as the constructivist, learner-centred philosophy of the Daosan Master (Management of Health-care Services) at the University of Salerno, the integration of the educational approach and the technological support is reported and discussed in an exploratory case-study. The authors observe that many post-graduate students are able to participate in a dense collaborative problem solving activity within a relatively short lesson period, working and reflecting on a real problem of healthcare management.
Uscis Handbook For Employers Form M-274
In the second chapter by A. Jimoyiannis and M. Gravani (Digital Literacy in a Lifelong Learning Programme for Adults: Educators' Experiences and Perceptions on Teaching Practices) some aspects of digital literacy in the context of a lifelong learning programme for social cohesion in Greece are analyzed.
It especially explores the experiences and perceptions of eight adult ICT educators who used flexible instructional practices and adjusted them to adult learners’ needs and interests. Additionally, the chapter reveals the difficulties that adults faced in the course while developing ICT literacy skills. The third chapter by L. Corazza (Information Communication Technologies for Lifelong Learning: The Multimedia Documentation of Best Practices in Education), shows how self-instruction and lifelong learning are acquiring an increasing role due to Information Communication Technologies. These learning opportunities are connected to the worker ability of learning in autonomy throughout the entire span of life. Documentation of experiences, as a form of communication that allows tacit, unexpressed, informal knowledge, provides evidence that can be widely shared. In the conclusion of the chapter it is shown how audiovisual and multimedia documentation has proved to be a useful and efficient means of recording the experiences to be shared in knowledge management.
In the fourth chapter by F. Lazarinis and D. Kanellopoulos (E-Skills and ICT Certification in Greek Cultural and Travel Agencies: An Exploratory Study) the importance of the ICT skills for the enhancement and development of productivity in everyday work is analyzed. The authors report data on the demand for professionals with ICT skills, and show that it still exceeds the supply, especially in travel industry. Soon after they present the results of the study describing the impact of ICT certification on people working in travel agencies in Greece and consider the relevance and practical value of the e-skills acquired during training from tourist employers. It clearly emerges that the ECDL ICT certification plays a crucial role in cultural and travel agencies as their employees being technologically skilful can offer better services to their customers. The fifth and last chapter, by E.
Klekun (Digital Literacy for Health: The Promise of Health 2.0), outlines and challenges expectations and promises regarding the potential of the Internet and in particular Web 2.0 for empowering patients and citizens. The chapter focuses on the literacies required to make a meaningful (to the individual) use of these technologies for health and health care related purposes, and briefly discusses how these should be taught. The main conclusion is that digital literacy and health literacy are complex and challenging to many, and that the empowering claims are over-stated. As a result many traditional sources of information and advice will remain essential to maintaining quality of health care without a sound development of better digital competences. The fourth section is made of three chapters and discusses the role of digital literacy in organizations and corporate. The first chapter is by C. De Pablos Heredero (Framework for the Experiences in Digital Literacy in the Spanish Market).
The author starts by considering the information society as the society made by people, where the priority for the society development is the acquisition of knowledge in the digital society. But, being digitally literate means to have the technological capabilities letting persons survive in the information society; for that reason the chapter offers real examples of digital literacy development in a variety of areas of application: education, social inclusion and firms. Three main projects are described to support the contribution of digital literacy to the growth of Spanish people: the Educared, which promotes the spread of the Internet for innovation and pedagogical training amongst teachers, parents and students in primary and secondary schools; the Dana Project, which identifies good practices to reduce the digital gap based on gender; and the Competic, a program offering good practices for the promotion of information and communication technologies in small and medium size firms. The second chapter is by A.
Cartelli (Frameworks for the Benchmarking of Digital and Knowledge Management Best Practice in SME and Organizations), and discusses the effects that IT/ICT have on subjects and organizations. The proposal of frameworks for digital competence assessment and the construction of suitable instruments helping students in the acquisition of this competence are the main reason for the transfer to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and organizations of analogous instruments and processes. To hit the target the author compares knowledge phenomena in the subjects, with the strategies of knowledge management in the organizations. Soon after he describes the features of the framework for the benchmarking of best practices in SME and organizations on the basis of the results formerly obtained with virtual campuses.
At last the instruments to be adopted for the acquisition of further information from all stakeholders and from the best practices to be shared are analyzed, and possible interventions towards the improvement of digital processes in SME and organizations are discussed. The fifth and last section is made of three chapters and analyzes the relationship between digital technologies and tradition, or more generally culture. The first chapter is by E. Lastrucci and A. Pascale (Cooperative Learning Through Communities Of Practice) In this chapter the authors first recall what a community is, a group of individuals building a 'community of practice' when a mutual engagement is established between themselves. Soon after the authors explain that main aim of a community of practice is to find the solution to problems by sharing experiences. As a conclusion they state that communities of practice can be seen as communities of self-managed learning, where professional development is not based on preset training courses, but on the sharing of experiences, on the identification of best practices and on the help that people give each other while facing daily problems.
At last the authors remark that until now cooperative learning, which is recognised as one of the best teaching methods and an effective strategy, has been limited to traditional training contexts, but it can also be carried out on teaching work by involving the Web, and especially by using online teaching. The third and last chapter is by A. Porter, and D. Vequist (Employee Monitoring and Ethics: Can They Co-Exist?). The paper shows that advanced technologies that make possible the monitoring of employees in the workplace have led to controversies on both legal and ethical grounds. Employers can now easily monitor emails, Internet usage and sites visited, and keystrokes, as well as use GPS systems to track employees’ movements throughout the day. At one end of the spectrum is the employer who claims that monitoring not only improves productivity but is a legal necessity that assists in keeping the company from becoming legally liable for employees’ misuse of technology.
Employees, on the other hand, want their privacy protected, and many believe that it is more a matter of them not being trusted. In this chapter, a survey is presented that describes various forms of workplace surveillance and monitoring, viewpoints of both employers and employees, policies that companies have implemented, and the ethical and legal implications of such policies. Recommendations addressed to the UNESCO. Youth Media Education conference. Seville, 15-16 February 2002.
Author(s)/Editor(s) Biography Antonio Cartelli is a Researcher in Didactics and Special Pedagogy and has recently won a national competition for associated professorship in Experimental Pedagogy. He manages the Laboratory for Technology of Education and Knowledge Management and the Centre for ICT and on line teaching in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Cassino - Italy. Among his interests are: misconceptions, mental schemes, Information Systems for research and teaching, Web Technologies in teaching research, and their everyday application for the improvement of teaching and learning. He has authored many papers and books concerning the themes he is interested in and is currently chief-editor of the International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence.